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Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions between approximately 1 and 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications. Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering, and technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter at this length scale.

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ABSTRACT

Agriculture provides food for humans,Nanotechnology in Agriculture and Food Production Articles directly and indirectly. Given the increasing world population, it is necessary to use the modern technologies such as bio and nanotechnologies in agricultural sciences. Nanotechnology has been defined as relating to materials, systems and processes which operate at a scale of 100 nanometers (nm) or less Nanotechnology has many applications in all stages of production, processing, storing, packaging and transport of agricultural products. Nanotechnology will revolutionize agriculture and food industry by novation new techniques such as: precision farming techniques, enhancing the ability of plants to absorb nutrients, more efficient and targeted use of inputs, disease detection and control diseases, withstand environmental pressures and effective systems for processing, storage and packaging. Efficiency of medicine increases by use of nano particle in animal sciences. Silver and iron nano particle are used in the treatment and disinfection of livestock and poultry. Levels of environment pollution can be evaluation quickly by nano smart dust and gas sensors.

INTRODUCTION

Importance of agriculture to all human societies is characterized more than ever with increasing world population. The first and most important need of every human is needs to food, and food supply for humans associated with agriculture directly and indirectly. Growth of the agricultural sector as a context for development objectives is seen as essential in developing countries. Now, after years of green revolution and decline in the agricultural products ratio to world population growth, it is obvious the necessity of employing new technologies in the agriculture industry more than ever. Modern technologies such as bio and nanotechnologies can play an important role in increasing production and improving the quality of food produced by farmers. Many believe that modern technologies will secure growing world food needs as well as deliver a huge range of environmental, health and economic advantages (Wheeler, 2005). Food security has always been the biggest concern of the mankind. Nations, communities and governments have been struggling with the issue since long. Recent decades have seen even bigger challenges on this front. The future looks even bleaker with food shortage issue looming large. The challenge is how to feed the growing population by producing more on a stagnant or shrinking landscape; with lesser input costs and with lesser hazards to the eco-system. (Anonymous, 2009). In between,

nanotechnology has proved its place in agricultural sciences and related industries, as an interdisciplinary technology and a pioneer in solve problems and lacks. Nanotechnology has many applications in all stages of production, processing, storing, packaging and transport of agricultural products. The use of nanotechnology in agriculture and forestry will likely have environmental benefits (Froggett, 2009). Farm applications of nanotechnology are also commanding attention. Nano materials are being developed that offer the opportunity to more efficiently and safely administer pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers by controlling precisely when and where they are released (Kuzma and VerHage, 2006). Nanotechnology as a new powerful technology has the ability to create massive changes in food and agricultural systems. Nanotechnology is able to introduce new tools for use in cellular and molecular biology and new materials to identify plant pathogens. Hitherto numerous applications of nanotechnology in agriculture, food and animal sciences, has been proposed. Use of nanotechnology in agriculture and food industry can revolutionize the sector with new tools for disease detection, targeted treatment,

enhancing the ability of plants to absorb nutrients, fight diseases and withstand environmental pressures and effective systems for processing, storage and packaging. Nanotechnology has provided new solutions to problems in plants and food science (post-harvest products) and offers new approaches to the rational selection of raw materials, or the processing of such materials to enhance the quality of plant products (Sharon et al., 2010). Smart sensors and smart delivery systems will help the agricultural industry combat viruses and other crop pathogens. In the near future nanostructured catalysts will be available which will increase the efficiency of pesticides and herbicides allowing lower doses to be used. Nanotechnology will also protect the environment indirectly through the use of alternative (renewable) energy supplies, and filters or catalysts to reduce pollution and clean-up existing pollutants (Joseph and Morrison, 2006).Nanotechnology as a powerful technology allows us to have a look at the atomic and molecular level,

and able to create nanometer-scale structures. Nanotechnology in agriculture and food production, causing the agricultural land returned to its normal position, greenhouse construction with high performance and productivity, prevent extinction and destruction of plants and animals species, and overall nanotechnology provides the efficiency of the agricultural for higher population. In the agricultural sector, nanotechnology research and development is likely to facilitate and frame the next stage of development of genetically modified crops, animal production inputs, chemical pesticides and precision farming techniques. Precision agriculture means that there is a system controller for each growth factor such as nutrition, light, temperature, etc. Available Information for planting and harvest time are controlled by satellite systems.

This system allows the farmer to know, when is the best time for planting and harvesting to avoid of encountering bad weather conditions. Best time to achieve the highest yield, best use of fertilizers, irrigation, lighting and temperature are all controlled by these systems. An important nanotechnology role is the use of sensitive nuclear links in GPS systems controller. While nano-chemical pesticides are already in use, other applications are still in their early stages, and it may be many years before they are commercialized. These applications are largely intended to address some of the limitations and challenges facing large-scale, chemical and capital intensive farming systems. This includes the fine-tuning and more precise micromanagement of soils; the more efficient and targeted use of inputs; new toxin formulations for pest control; new crop and animal traits; and the diversification and differentiation of farming practices and products within the context of large-scale and highly uniform systems of production (Kumar, 2009). The relationship between nanotechnology and agricultural sciences can be investigated in the following fields: Need for security in agricultural and nutritional systems; intelligent systems for preventing and treating of plant diseases; creating new tools for progress in cellular and biological research; recycling waste obtained from agricultural. By using nanotechnology, plant growth ability increases and the best harvest time is determined to achieve the highest performance. In recent decades, agricultural land and soil pollution with hazardous elements and compounds present in industrial and urban wastewater are the most important factors that limiting crop and food production in the world. Nanostructured catalysts are able to eliminate the harmful components of agricultural ecosystems as a safe. This topic is importance in point of view of physiological plant diseases; eliminate food poisoning, organic products and finally production of healthier products. This nanotechnology application will help to reduce pollution and to make agriculture more environmentally friendly with use of nano filters for industrial waste water treatment, nano powders for gas pollutants treatment, and nano tubes for storage clean hydrogen fuel (Anonymous, 2009).

What is nanotechnology science?

Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary field that has be

Yajna Philosophy is based on subtility. There are many organs in the human body in the form of subtle nerves and glands. Amongst these hormones predominate. Its juice straight enters the blood stream hence they are called endocrine glands that have no tubes to transport these hormones. The medicines offered to Yajna fire are rendered fume in nature and it reaches various organs of the body. Thus they showcase their influence on these endocrine and other glands.

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The utility value and benefits of various forest medicinal herbs offered in Yajna fire has been described. How various diseases can be healed using specific forest medicinal herbs and how they increase our good health has been listed. In the present research study some forest herbs well known for their superb healing prowess have been chosen that are used in varied ways in Ayurveda and Allopath mode of therapy. Vaidyas or Ayurveda doctors use them as Kwath (apozem and decoction) and Avaleh (semi liquid medicine that can be licked or tincture). Even in Allopath mode of therapy these very herbs are used to make various pills,YAJNOPATHY IS AN ALL ROUND THERAPY AND HEALING METHOD Part 2 Articles tonics etc. Even in the therapies called Dishen and where only one medicine is administered to the patient the above herbs have proved to be very useful. In Yajna therapy by rendering these medicinal herbs gas in nature due to burning in Yajna fire, the chief aim is to render them so very subtle that all distortions/ailments faced by individuals, our environment and plants are uprooted successfully. Till today modern day chemists have been able to conduct chemical analysis on certain forest herbs. Merely on the basis of description of the usefulness and potency of these herbs given in text books cannot be accepted by a rational and discriminative intellect especially in this advanced modern science era. Hence in our Brahmavarchas Research Institute (Address: Shantikunj-Haridwar-India) we have made arrangements to chemically analyze all such herbs in the modern scientific research study context. Thus we shall truly understand the chemical designing and chemical effect along with the utility of the leaves, roots, flower, fruit etc of all these medicinal herbs known to cure various diseases.

The basis of medicines used for specific diseases as Havishya offered to Yajna fire is very much akin to therapies administered right since ancient times by doctors based on the medicine’s chemical designing. Due to the union of various chemicals various chemical reactions set in and thus varied results emerge. Useful herbs and plants are chosen for curing various diseases based on their chemical specialties. Such arrangements have also been made so as to measure what effect is seen when the same medicine is administered to the patient via the mouth (oral), nose (breathing) and direct injection into the patient’s blood stream. Via the comparative study of effects noted which path (mouth etc) from the healing standpoint is supremely successful is decided. In the preliminary phase those medicinal herbs chosen are Tulsi (basil), Sarpagandha, Brahmi, Shankhpushpi, Shatavari, Somavalli, Jatamasi, Ashtavarg etc.

In a certain sense Samidha or wood used to light Yajna fire can be called Havishya (materials offered to the fire). When some special variety of wood burns in more or less measure it produces healing effects very much similar to forest herbs offered in Yajna fire. It is hence that in Havishya along with the leaves, flowers, fruits etc of trees and plants wood of various types is included. In the Yajna materials or Havishya powdered wood of trees like sandalwood, deodar, agar, tagar etc is also mixed. It has been advised by our scriptures to use wood of only certain types of trees as Samidha to light the Yajna fire. We just cannot take wood from any tree as per our whims and fancies to light Yajna fire. If you insist on doing so Yajna fire lit from such tainted wood shall produce dangerous side effects that harm our physical-mental health. While choosing Samidha to light Yajna fire focus is placed on the fact that from the standpoint of the bio chemical designing of the patient’s body which type of Samidha is best suited to heal him. Apart from Samidha of trees mentioned above other tree wood used are mango, Shami (thorny shrub), Guler (wild fig or Ficus glomerata), Pipal (fig tree or Ficus religiosa), Devdaru (pine, cheddar,fir), Ashok (Jonesia asoka), Bilva (wood apple tree (Aegle marmelos), Chitrak (type of gentian or Gentiana cherayta) etc.

Via Havishya (forest medicinal herbs-Panchang-Samidha or wood) what chemical changes are noted in the body is tested and gauged via various scientific apparatus set up in the Brahmavarchas Research Institute (Address: Shantikunj-Haridwar-India). Via the ECG or Electro Cardiogram the effect of medicinal herbs on the heart are measured. In what manner various herbs after entering the blood stream create effects on the various parts of the heart’s blood circulatory system. This is measured via the Cardioscope and ECG’s Autorecorder which gives us details about the bio electricity dwelling in the heart.